The Power of Radio
Henryk Gontarz, a retired metal workers and the main hero of the
radio report, takes us to the WSK Świdnik aircraft factory in the
town of Świdnik. The campaign of protest launched by several
thousand factory workers there in July 1980, spread fast all over
Poland. WSK Świdnik is hence considered as the primary symbol of the
social revolt of 25 years ago, which ultimately led to the rise of
"Solidarity".
After "Solidarity" was banned following the
proclamation of martial law in December 1981, Henryk Gontarz decided
to set up an independent radio station that would give the
dozen of thousands inhabitants of Świdnik trustworthy and
reliable information about the situation in the region and in the
country. After lengthy preparations, the clandestine "Radio
Solidarity Świdnik" was born and went on the air in April 1983. The
broadcasts featured reports about reprisals inflicted upon the
population by State Security officers and the police. Listeners were
instructed how to express their opposition to the regime publicly.
Henryk Gontarz recalls that when state television was broadcasting
its main news service in the evening, the inhabitants of Świdnik
were leaving their homes to walk up and down the streets in silent
manifestation that they did not believe what was said on state
controlled television by news editors dressed in military uniforms.
The people made it understood that they were listening to "Radio
Solidarity Świdnik" rather than watching the TV news. Within a very
short time, the routine of evening walks spread throughout the
country.
Henryk Gontarz recalls that the State Security was
trying by all means to find out those running the radio station and
broadcasting despite all odds. The best State Security men were
dispatched to the town. The police forces had been reinforced.
However, the radio station was broadcasting so effectively that the
State Security came to believe that it was run by three teams
independently of each other.
A major role in "Radio
Solidarity Świdnik" was played by Ireneusz Haczewski from Lublin, a
highly talented constructor of transmitting and monitoring
equipment. Haczewski was responsible for the radio station's
technical operations. He reminiscences on his continuous
endeavours to upgrade the transmitters and to increase their power.
Largely thanks to his efforts, the broadcasts were reaching an ever
wider listening audience.
One of the WSK Świdnik aircraft factory workers notes in the
report that "Radio Solidarity Świdnik" played a key role in the
life of the town's population. It bolstered trust and confidence
that major changes for the better were imminent. "Listening to
the radio, we felt a thrill of excitement because thanks to it we
knew that Solidarity was alive and that victory must come".
One day in 1984, "Radio Solidarity Świdnik" succeeded in
intruding the audio wavelength of Polish Television Two controlled
by General Wojciech Jaruzelski's regime. Putting one such broadcast
on the air in this way was tantamount to distributing several
thousand leaflets", says Henryk Gontarz. He recalls that the first
broadcast transmitted against the backdrop of the television screen
was made during a relay live from the funeral of Soviet leader Juri
Andropov in Moscow. The voice of a dignitary speaking at the
ceremony in Russian turned abruptly and unexpectedly into the
well-known Polish voice of the "Radio Solidarity" speaker. He
managed to elaborate for several minutes on the arrests and
reprisals of local "Solidarity" movement leaders.
That
feat was too much to bear for the State Security Office. Having
suspected Gontarz and Haczewski for some time as those behind "Radio
Solidarity Świdnik", the State Security took prompt action against
the two. Both were arrested the following day. Henryk Gontarz
was released shortly afterwards for lack of evidence. Ireneusz
Haczewski spent six months in prison. During house-search, State
Security officers found his cassettes with recordings of "Radio
Solidarity Świdnik" broadcasts.
Franciszek Zawada, another
tool maker from the WSK Świdnik factory, referred to as a silent
hero of "Radio Solidarity Świdnik" was responsible for putting the
transmitters into operation after changing their location around
town to avoid detection and for emitting the broadcasts. He
was risking a lot. He was moving the transmitters from their hiding
places to earlier selected points of transmission all by himself. He
recalls the dramatic circumstances accompanying his capture by the
police while he was carrying a transmitter. That was just before the
twentieth broadcast of "Radio Solidarity Świdnik".
Although the transmitter was lost, the radio station
soon sprang back to life and Zawada's responsibilities were taken
over by other operators.
It was only after five years of
continuous and fruitless efforts that the authorities
managed to undo"Radio Solidarity Świdnik". The radio station was
finished off in 1988 due to an informer planted by the State
Security among the staff. Henryk Gontarz describes the betrayal in
stirring words. He adds that it was only after many years and after
reading the Security Service files at the Institute of National
Remembrance that he learned who the traitor was.
The end of
the "Swidnik Radio Solidarity" came just on the eve of political
transformations in Poland. Although this free and independent radio
station ceased to exist, the idea of freedom, which the people
working for "Radio Solidarity Świdnik" were campaigning for, has
won.
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